Executive summary
States from across maritime Asia are set to benefit from the “Blue Economy.” Indonesia alone is poised to harness an economic opportunity worth US$1.365 trillion through its Blue Economy by 2045. Through qualitative analysis of policy documents, regulations, and relevant literature, the study applies a political economy framework to assess the alignment of Indonesia’s Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF) vision and its Marine and Blue Economy policies. The study critically analyzes Indonesia’s use of maritime terminology and compares it with other countries. This paper argues that different interpretations of associated terms can lead to varying policy outcomes and risks causing confusion in policy interpretation, hindering the effective implementation of maritime strategies. Additionally, there is a risk that Indonesia’s Blue Economy Framework and Roadmap are overly focused on economic growth and not enough on issues of sustainability and security. This narrow focus complicates stakeholder collaboration and undermines the development of a comprehensive maritime strategy. Achieving Indonesia’s maritime ambitions requires a clear and consistent definition of terms, alongside a balanced policy framework that integrates economic, environmental, and security dimensions.